The Smart Grid can be observed as the evolution of the primitive state of the current electrical grids which in most cases consist of power transmission lines more than 50–60 years old and whose conceptual design has remained unchanged for more than 100 years. This integration will result in what is called the Smart Grid (SG), a more configurable, dynamic, reliable, flexible and effective power network. To alleviate this situation, cutting-edge sensing and control technologies are envisioned to be integrated into the current power grid. The increase in the number of different energy sources the current power grid has to accommodate and regulate leads to an unavoidable increase in the complexity of grid despite that, this power grid still lacks an effective sensing and control platform that could help provide more intelligence to the management process. Although 80% of this energy is derived from traditional fossil fuels, renewable energy and nuclear power are the world's fastest-growing energy supplies-each with an increase of 2.5% per year. The Energy Information Administration (EIA) has recently forecasted that world energy consumption will grow by 56% between 20. The results obtained show that SENSED-SG performs better and is more suitable for the Smart Grid than the popular ZigBee WSN approach. In particular, these test-beds cover two of the main scenarios found in a SG on one hand, an indoor electrical substation environment, implemented in a High Voltage AC/DC laboratory, and, on the other hand, an outdoor case, deployed in the Transmission and Distribution segment of a power grid. Our approach has been exhaustively evaluated by computer simulations and mathematical analysis, as well as validation within real test-beds deployed in controlled environments. In this context, and as a main contribution, we have designed a comprehensive ad-hoc WSN-based solution for the Smart Grid (SENSED-SG) that focuses on specific implementations of the MAC, the network and the application layers to attain maximum performance and to successfully deal with any arising hurdles. However, the SG has posed significant challenges to utility operators-mainly very harsh radio propagation conditions and the lack of appropriate systems to empower WSN devices-making most of the commercial widespread solutions inadequate. To achieve this goal, the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are considered by the scientific/engineering community to be one of the most suitable technologies to apply SG technology to due to their low-cost, collaborative and long-standing nature. The Smart Grid (SG) is conceived as the evolution of the current electrical grid representing a big leap in terms of efficiency, reliability and flexibility compared to today's electrical network.
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